human rights defender

Jhon Cristopher Cerna Zúñiga (El Tigrillo)

Urgent support needed

(AI Translated) Access to justice

Organization affiliation

  • Movimiento de Defensa Estudiantil de la Universidad Centroamericana
  • Movimiento por la Autonomía Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería

HRD's year of birth

1995

HRD's Gender

Man

Type of HRD

  • Social and community leader

HRD's thematic area of engagement

  • Civil and political rights
  • Economic, social and cultural rights

HRD's geographical origin

Urban

HRD's bio and work

(AI Translated) Student leader and social activist. Engineering student at the National University of Engineering (UNI), who joined the April 2018 student protests as part of the Movement for University Autonomy of the National University of Engineering and the Student Defense Movement of the Central American University (UCA). In April 2018 he participated in the occupation of the University of Engineering, which was carried out by the students involved in the protests to protect their lives, suffering several attacks by police and heavily armed paramilitary groups, where he had to assist several injured students. In that place he received a pair of shotgun pellets (one in the shoulder and another in the temple) and a ricochet from a Ragunov rifle (Russian sniper rifle) that left a scar on his face. He is a survivor of the attack on the Divine Mercy Church (July 13, 2018), where he remained together with other university students under high‑calibre police fire for more than 14 hours, resulting in the killings of students Gerald Vásquez (20) and Francisco Flores, 21. He has worked on raising awareness of murders and human rights violations of political leaders, in medical and health brigades. He also provides training on physical and digital security, as well as workshops on human rights and university autonomy. Cerna, who has also been a human rights defender since 2018, lived in safe houses because of threats and persecution against him until he was violently arrested by the national police in 2020. By April 2018 he was in his final year of university; he was unable to complete his studies because university authorities expelled him for participating in the protests. At the time of his capture he suffered a lung injury and a dislocation of one of his shoulders, and also had neurological impairments, which worsened his health condition due to the beatings he received at the moment of his detention, resulting in two broken ribs from the kicks he was given. During his time in prison he was subjected to serious violations of his rights, acts of torture and cruel, inhuman treatment.

Current Status

Released

Detained since

Feb 28, 2020

Date of release

Feb 9, 2023

Charge(s)

  • Other

Sentence

(AI Translated) 12 years imprisonment

Geolocation of detention

Country or area of detention

Region of detention

  • Americas: Latin America and the Caribbean

Location of detention - City/Town

(AI Translated) Tipitapa

Location of detention - Facility

(AI Translated) Jorge Navarro Prison System, known as La Modelo Prison

Allegations / reports of ill-treatment

(AI Translated) On February 28, 2020, he was arbitrarily detained near his residence and remained in prison for 1,075 days. During his detention he was physically assaulted, breaking two ribs, and was transferred to the offices of the Judicial Assistance Directorate known as “El Chipote.” On March 4, 2020, he was moved to the La Modelo Penitentiary Center. He spent the first six months of his sentence with the general prison population, but on September 16, 2020, he was transferred to the maximum‑security cell known as “El Infiernillo,” where the cells measure 2.2 meters in width by 3.2 meters in depth, include two stacked cots, a water tank, a hole for physiological needs, a small wash basin, two windows of 15 × 15 centimeters at a height of two meters, a front door lined with iron sheets, no lighting, and very little airflow, resulting in extreme temperatures inside the cells.

While in prison, he managed to publish on June 28 on the Central American platform El Faro a letter denouncing Ortega’s dictatorship. For this, he was transferred to the maximum‑security cells where he remained isolated, without medical treatment, and with family visits limited to 40 minutes every 40 days through a glass window and a telephone. His family was subjected to mistreatment and abuse. While in “El Infiernillo” he suffered three seizures due to the bullet lodged in his head. He slept naked on a concrete slab because of the heat and used his prison uniform as a mattress. He was frequently beaten, and when taken out of the cells they shackled his ankles and wrists, then tied him with another shackle to a bench and struck him with batons on the body or kicked him in the head and elbows, and when they grew tired they slapped him.

Recent case update / evolution

(AI Translated) Details of the sentence: 12 years imprisonment and 600 days of fine (C$37,434).

On February 9 2023, he was released and deported to the United States. On 02/10/2023 the defense lawyer received a judicial notice stating that he is declared a traitor to the Fatherland, his civic rights are suspended, his nationality is revoked, and his assets are ordered to be confiscated. He currently lives in exile with his family, achieving family reunification with his mother and two sisters in September 2023, assuming Spanish nationality to avoid the statelessness imposed by the Nicaraguan government. He continues to promote justice for the victims of repression and is documenting his case to submit a petition before the Inter‑American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) with the support of AUDJUDRNIC.

Any other relevant documents

(AI Translated) Precautionary Measures No. 489-20, Resolution 82/2020, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/decisiones/pdf/2020/82-20mc489-20-ni.pdf

Resolution of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of October 4, 2022, Provisional Measures, Regarding Nicaragua, Case 45 Persons Deprived of Their Liberty in 8 Detention Centers Regarding Nicaragua https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/medidas/45personas_se_01.pdf

John Cerna, “El Tigrillo”: “We were beaten tied up by the feet and hands” https://confidencial.digital/nacion/john-cerna-el-tigrillo-nos-golpeaban-atados-de-pies-y-manos/

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