human rights defender

Maksim Znak

Actions and Campaigns

Urgent support needed

  • Legal assistance
  • Medical assistance
  • Psychosocial support
  • Family support

Organization affiliation

  • Coordination Council
  • Victar Babryka's election team

HRD's year of birth

1981

HRD's Gender

Man

Type of HRD

  • Lawyer

HRD's thematic area of engagement

  • Civil and political rights

HRD's geographical origin

Urban

Current Status

Pardoned

HRD's bio and work

Maksim Znak is a prominent attorney, lawyer, legal educator, bard (three albums released), athlete (ran half and full marathons, and practiced triathlon), husband, and father of one son.

In 2004, Maksim obtained his PhD in Law from the Belarusian State University. After his postgraduate studies at the BSU, he defended a scientific thesis on the Dispositiveness of Contractual Liability in Civil Law and was awarded the scientific degree of 'candidate of legal sciences'. In addition, Maksim Znak holds an Executive MBA from Kozminski University (Warsaw, Poland).

Maksim has practiced legal consulting since 2001. He is an arbitrator of the International Chamber of Arbitrators of the Union of Lawyers of Belarus. In addition, he devoted much time to science and to teaching as a senior lecturer at the Civil Law Department of the BSU, lecturing on Civil Law, International Private Law, and Legal Environment for Business. Maksim has been an expert for the World Bank's Doing Business study since 2011. He was a national consultant on bringing the Belarusian legislation into line with the basic World Trade Organization's treaties. He published over 150 articles. The Chambers Guide 2017 noted that Maksim's clients appreciated his ability to explain things in an accessible manner and to offer options to find best solutions, as well as his strategic mind, incredible promptness and persistence, creative approach to litigation work, and attention to details. Other authoritative international publications and ratings, including Legal 500, IFLR1000, and Who's Who Legal, also recognized Maksim Znak as one of the leaders in the Belarusian legal market.

He is a sports enthusiast, runs long distances and is passionate about triathlon. In addition, he plays the guitar and performs his original songs. He participated in several bard festivals in Belarus.

The book “Zekameron” is a collection of stories written by Maksim Znak while in prison. It has already been published in several European countries in Belarusian, Russian and German, and will soon be published in English and Swedish as well.

Detained since

Sep 9, 2020

Date of release

Dec 13, 2025

Charge(s)

  • Extremism
  • Subversion

Sentence

10 years

Geolocation of detention

Country or area of detention

Region of detention

  • Europe: Eastern Europe

Location of detention - City/Town

Viciebsk region, Vićba

Location of detention - Facility

Penal colony No. 3. 211322, Viciebsk region, Vićba

Allegations / reports of ill-treatment

Incommunicado detention, i. e. alleged legal, medical and psychological issues, no connection with outside world, including family and lawyers.

Recent case update / evolution

Maksim Znak was pardoned and released on 13 December 2025 as part of an agreement between the governments of Belarus and the United States to lift US sanctions on Belarusian potash.

Any other relevant documents

Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session, 30 March–8 April 2022, Opinion No. 24/2022 concerning Maksim Znak (Belarus), A/HRC/WGAD/2022/24 https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A-HRC-WGAD-2022-24-BLR-AEV.pdf

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