Fail Alsynov is a prominent activist in Bashkortostan. Alsynov first participated in the activities of organisations focused on defending the interests of Bashkirs (Bashkort) and then led a number of them - in particular the Bashkort organisation, which fought for the sovereignty of Bashkortostan, increased representation of Bashkirs in the republic's authorities, support for their native language and culture, and protection of the natural heritage. In August 2020, Fail Alsynov took an active part in rallies to protect the Kushtau shikhan (mountain), which had been given to the soda company for development. The protests ended in victory - the development was cancelled, and Fail Alsynov became known outside the region.

Alsynov was repeatedly prosecuted administratively. The criminal case against him was opened on the direct initiative of the Bashkortostan’s Kremlin-backed chief, Radiy Khabirov, whom the oppositionist had consistently and successfully opposed. The reason for the complaint and subsequent criminal case was Alsynov's speech at a rally in the village of Ishmurzino in the Baymaksky district of Bashkortostan on 28 April 2023. The protest was against plans to mine gold in the area. In his speech in Bashkir, which was filmed by demonstrators and then posted on the Internet, Alsynov said, among other things, that gold mining has a negative impact on the region because it attracts outside labour, often without patents or licences, displacing the local population and leaving only abandoned quarries and deserted villages when the deposit is exhausted.

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Alsynov voiced strong criticism against the mobilization in Russia, emphasizing potential detriments to the Bashkir people. Alsynov's viewpoint resonated with concerns that Russia might be deploying a disproportionate number of men from indigenous ethnic groups, including Bashkirs, to fight in the war against Ukraine.

Fail has strong community support: a rally of several thousand people was held on the day of his sentencing, and rallies in his support continued in the following days.