(AI Translated) Oscar René Vargas earned his doctorate at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He has been a professor at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, the Central American University, the Polytechnic University of Nicaragua, and the National University of Engineering, among others. Among his various international appointments, Dr. Vargas worked with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization, and the United Nations Development Programme, and served as an advisor to the President of the United Nations General Assembly in 2008‑2009. Dr. Vargas began his political life in the 1960s, participating in the struggle against the Somoza dictatorship. In 1967 he hid Daniel Ortega from the Somoza state security, thereby saving him from prison. He participated throughout the 1970s in the fight against the dictatorship. From 1979 to 1990 he was a political advisor to the Sandinista National Directorate, the highest decision‑making body of the Sandinista National Liberation Front. He broke with Ortega’s government in 2008, due to the criticisms Vargas made about violations of democratic procedures and its record of human rights abuses. Vargas went into exile in Costa Rica in 2018 after learning that Daniel Ortega’s government had issued an arrest warrant against him because of his public criticisms of the Ortega regime. In April 2022 he had heart surgery and was fitted with a pacemaker, requiring constant medical care. Vargas is the author of 36 books and co‑author of another 20. He has also published more than 1,000 opinion pieces, research articles, papers and essays in newspapers and journals from Nicaragua, Central America, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, the United States, Europe and Taiwan. He was a co‑founder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). In 2008 Daniel Ortega’s government appointed him Ambassador of Nicaragua to France, but he was removed from the post months later for giving an interview to the Nicaraguan newspaper La Prensa. He has been a constant critic of the national situation, especially of the sociopolitical crisis that began in 2018. On 22 November 2022, he was detained and on 9 December charged with “conspiracy to damage national integrity,” “provocation to commit rebellion,” and “spreading false news.”